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Section 220(d) of the Delaware General Corporation Law (DGCL) permits a director to inspect a company's books and records “for a purpose reasonably related to the director's position as a director.” It is well settled under Section 220 that a director's access to corporate books and records is broader than that of stockholders. A director who has a proper purpose for inspection, i.e. , reasonably related to his or her position as a director, has “virtually unfettered” access ' at least equal to that of other board members'to inspect the books and records of the company. The broad inspection rights of directors to access corporate books and records relative to that of stockholders under Section 220 are correlative with the directors' fiduciary obligations to stockholders “to protect and preserve the corporation.” However, in contrast to the broad scope of discovery permitted in a plenary action under the Delaware Court of Chancery Rule 26, Section 220 limits inspection (even by directors) to documents and communications that fall within its more limited “contemplation of 'books and records,'” which correlates with the “summary nature of a Section 220 proceeding.”
Recent Decision Reaffirms Principles
The DOJ's Criminal Division issued three declinations since the issuance of the revised CEP a year ago. Review of these cases gives insight into DOJ's implementation of the new policy in practice.
The parameters set forth in the DOJ's memorandum have implications not only for the government's evaluation of compliance programs in the context of criminal charging decisions, but also for how defense counsel structure their conference-room advocacy seeking declinations or lesser sanctions in both criminal and civil investigations.
This article discusses the practical and policy reasons for the use of DPAs and NPAs in white-collar criminal investigations, and considers the NDAA's new reporting provision and its relationship with other efforts to enhance transparency in DOJ decision-making.
Active reading comprises many daily tasks lawyers engage in, including highlighting, annotating, note taking, comparing and searching texts. It demands more than flipping or turning pages.
There is no efficient market for the sale of bankruptcy assets. Inefficient markets yield a transactional drag, potentially dampening the ability of debtors and trustees to maximize value for creditors. This article identifies ways in which investors may more easily discover bankruptcy asset sales.