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Bank Liability for Federal Housing Act Violations
In Bank of America v. City of Miami, 2017 WL 1540509, the United States Supreme Court faced a claim by the City of Miami that two banks had violated the federal Fair Housing Act by issuing loans to black and Latino customers on terms less favorable than loans issued to similarly situated customers who were white and non-Latino. The Court's decision represented a partial victory for each side: It held that the City had standing to bring the claim, but imposed on the City a burden to prove that any violation constituted the proximate cause of the City's harm.
Case History
In an action brought in federal district court, the City alleged that the bank's discriminatory practices had adversely impacted the racial composition of the City, impaired the City's interest in assuring racial integration and fair housing, and disproportionately caused foreclosures and vacancies in minority neighborhoods. The City sought money damages, contending that the bank's actions in causing foreclosures and vacancies had reduced property tax revenues and forced the City to spend additional money on municipal services.
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Major Differences In UK, U.S. Copyright Laws
This article highlights how copyright law in the United Kingdom differs from U.S. copyright law, and points out differences that may be crucial to entertainment and media businesses familiar with U.S law that are interested in operating in the United Kingdom or under UK law. The article also briefly addresses contrasts in UK and U.S. trademark law.
The Article 8 Opt In
The Article 8 opt-in election adds an additional layer of complexity to the already labyrinthine rules governing perfection of security interests under the UCC. A lender that is unaware of the nuances created by the opt in (may find its security interest vulnerable to being primed by another party that has taken steps to perfect in a superior manner under the circumstances.
Strategy vs. Tactics: Two Sides of a Difficult Coin
With each successive large-scale cyber attack, it is slowly becoming clear that ransomware attacks are targeting the critical infrastructure of the most powerful country on the planet. Understanding the strategy, and tactics of our opponents, as well as the strategy and the tactics we implement as a response are vital to victory.
Legal Possession: What Does It Mean?
Possession of real property is a matter of physical fact. Having the right or legal entitlement to possession is not "possession," possession is "the fact of having or holding property in one's power." That power means having physical dominion and control over the property.
The Anti-Assignment Override Provisions
UCC Sections 9406(d) and 9408(a) are one of the most powerful, yet least understood, sections of the Uniform Commercial Code. On their face, they appear to override anti-assignment provisions in agreements that would limit the grant of a security interest. But do these sections really work?